The State and Public Health: An Analysis in the Light of Prophetic Teachings (PBUH)

Abstract

The preservation of human life and the sustainability of public health are recognized as paramount objectives of a stable Islamic state. Islamic jurisprudence has categorized the protection of human life, along with religion, intellect, lineage, and wealth, as fundamental objectives without which the existence of any civilized society is impossible. The comprehensive instructions provided in the Prophetic teachings regarding hygiene, a balanced diet, medical treatment, and the prevention of epidemic diseases can form the basis of a sustainable, stable, and scientifically sound health policy (Ghazi, 2010). This article presents an in-depth analysis of the concept of public health in Islam, its foundations in the Quran and Sunnah, and the corresponding responsibilities of an Islamic state in light of Prophetic guidance (Haseeb, 2026). Furthermore, this research highlights the contemporary utility and scientific relevance of these Islamic principles in resolving complex modern health challenges such as global pandemics, environmental pollution, psychological stress, and food security (Smith, 2023). The historical evolution from the Prophetic era to the period of the Rightly Guided Caliphs validates the existence of a robust institutional and state framework for public health, by following which modern states can ensure the provision of optimal healthcare facilities for their citizens and fulfill the overarching objectives of Shariah (Al-Mawardi, 2005).

Keywords: State, Public Health, Prophetic Teachings, Islamic Welfare State, Epidemic Diseases, Preventive Medicine, Rightly Guided Caliphs, Environmental Protection, Hisbah System.

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21795727