حضرت شیخ بہاء الدین زکریا ملتانی کے فکری و روحانی مناہج کا اسلامی تصوف، دینی و سماجی اصلاح اور ادارہ سازی کے فروغ میں کردار: ایک تحقیقی مطالعہ

Abstract

The intellectual and spiritual thought of Sheikh Baha-u-Din Zakariya Multani occupies a distinctive place in the history of Islamic mysticism and the Suhrawardi tradition. This study explores the fundamental principles of his thought and examines its religious, spiritual, social, educational, economic, and political significance in the development of Muslim society in the Indian Subcontinent. Employing historical and analytical approaches, the study argues that his intellectual framework was founded upon Tawḥīd, Dhikr, strict adherence to the Qur'an and the Sunnah, the supremacy of Sharīʿah over Ṭarīqah, sincerity, spiritual discipline, lawful livelihood, and service to humanity.

The study demonstrates that Sheikh Baha-u-Din Zakariya Multani developed a dynamic model of Sufism that rejected both excessive asceticism and material indulgence, advocating instead a harmonious balance between spiritual excellence and active participation in society. Through the institutionalization of the khānqāh, he integrated religious scholarship, spiritual training, moral refinement, and public welfare into a unified educational system. His emphasis on lawful earning, vocational skills, ethical conduct, and social responsibility transformed the Suhrawardi Order into a vibrant movement of religious and social reform. His spiritual authority also influenced rulers, scholars, and the wider community, while his disciples played a significant role in strengthening the spread of Islamic teachings throughout the Indian Subcontinent.

The study concludes that the thought of Sheikh Baha-u-Din Zakariya Multani represents a comprehensive paradigm of Islamic spirituality in which faith, knowledge, ethics, social engagement, and institutional development are harmoniously integrated. His intellectual legacy continues to offer valuable insights into the study of Islamic civilization, Sufism, and the reformative traditions of South Asia.

Keywords: Suhrawardi tradition, Tawḥīd, Dhikr, Sharīʿah, khānqāh, Islamic civilization, Sufism, South Asia

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21254321