Perceptions of Youth on the Role of Sectarianism in Shaping Social Identity and Religious Conflict in Pakistan

Abstract

Sectarianism is still affecting social relationships between different groups within Pakistan, and especially between the youth who are trying to define their sectarian identity. In this regard, this study intended tto explore the perception of youth regaring roleof sects in shaping social identity and conflict. Semi-structured online interviews were conducted with 15 participants aged 18-30, identified using purposive sampling techniques. The sample consisted of youth from the Sunna, Shia and Ahl-e-Hadith sects who had experienced and could provide information about sectarianism and its implications for their social identities. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview data. The major themes derived were sectarian identity, inter-sect perceptions, role of educators and religious institutions, social media influenc, perceptions of sectarian conflict, emotion responses to sectarianism, boundary maintenance, hopes for unity and peace-building strategies. Study concluded that social influences and institutional support often lead to an increase in the prominence of one's sectarian affiliation (socio-religious identity). The rise of social media has also increased the amount of false sectarian information being presented, and therefore decreased the amount of trust, acceptance, and love for one's own (or other) sects within the youth. The findings of this research highlight several areas of policy reform and intervention to address sectarianism. These include increasing educational opportunities; educating the public on media usage and misuse; holding more leaders to account for their actions; and providing more robust legal support mechanisms.

Keywords: Sectarianism, Social Identity, Religious Conflict, Youth, Perceptions, Pakistan